MAKEDEV (8)
create devices
SYNOPSIS
cd dev; ./MAKEDEV -V
cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] update
cd dev; ./MAKEDEV [ -n ] [ -v ] [ -d ] device ...
DESCRIPTION
MAKEDEV
is a script that will create the devices in \fC/dev used to interface
with drivers in the kernel.
Note that programs giving the error ``ENOENT: No such file or
directory'' normally means that the device file is missing, whereas
``ENODEV: No such device'' normally means the kernel does not have the
driver configured or loaded.
OPTIONS
-V
Print out version (actually RCS version information) and exit.
-n
Do not actually update the devices, just print the actions that would be
performed.
-d
Delete the devices. The main use for this flag is by
MAKEDEV
itself.
-v
Be verbose. Print out the actions as they are performed. This is the
same output as produced by
-n .
CUSTOMISATION
Since there is currently no standardisation in what names are used for
system users and groups, it is possible that you may need to modify
MAKEDEV
to reflect your site's settings. Near the top of the file is a mapping
from device type to user, group and permissions (e.g. all CD-ROM devices
are set from the \fC$cdrom variable). If you wish to change the
defaults, this is the section to edit.
DEVICES
General Options
update
This only works on kernels which have \fC/proc/interrupts (introduced
during 1.1.x). This file is scanned to see what devices are currently
configured into the kernel, and this is compared with the previous
settings stored in the file called \fCDEVICES.
Devices which are new since then or have a different major number are
created, and those which are no longer configured are deleted.
generic
Create a generic subset of devices. This is the standard devices, plus
floppy drives, various hard drives, pseudo-terminals, console devices,
basic serial devices, busmice, and printer ports.
std
Standard devices.
These are:
mem
- acess to physical memory;
kmem
- access to kernel virtual memory;
null
- null device (infinite sink);
port
- access to I/O ports;
zero
- null byte source (infinite source);
core
- symlink to /proc/kcore (for kernel debugging);
full
- always returns ENOSPACE on write;
ram
- ramdisk;
tty
- to access the controlling tty of a process.
local
This simply runs
MAKEDEV.local .
This is a script that can create any local devices.
Virtual Terminals
console
This creates the devices associated with the console. This is the virtual
terminals
tty x ,
where
x
can be from 0 though 63. The device tty0 is the currently active vt, and
is also known as \fCconsole. For each vt, there are two devices
vcs x
and
vcsa x ,
which are used to generate screen-dumps of the vt (the
vcs x
is just the text,
and
vcsa x
includes the attributes).
Serial Devices
ttyS{0..63}
Serial ports and corresponding dialout device. For device
ttyS x ,
there is also the device
cua x
which is used to dial out with. This can avoid the need for cooperative
locks in simple situations.
cyclades
Dial-in and dial-out devices for the cyclades intelligent I/O serial card.
The dial in device is
ttyC x
and the corresponding dial-out device is
cub x
By default devices for 7 lines are created, but this can be changed to
15 by removing the comment.
Pseudo Terminals
pty[p-s]
Each possible argument will create a bank of 16 master and slave
pairs. The current kernel (1.2) is limited to 64 such pairs.
The master pseudo-terminals are
pty[p-s][0-9a-f] ,
and the slaves are
tty[p-s][0-9a-f] .
Parallel Ports
lp
Standard parallel ports. The devices are created
lp0 ,
lp1 ,
and
lp2 .
These correspond to ports at 0x3bc, 0x378 and 0x278.
Hence, on some machines, the first printer port may actually be
lp1 .
par
Alternative to
lp .
Ports are named
par x
instead of
lp x .
Bus Mice
busmice
The various bus mice devices. This creates the following devices:
logimouse
(Logitech bus mouse),
psmouse
(PS/2-style mouse),
msmouse
(Microsoft Inport bus mouse) and
atimouse
(ATI XL bus mouse) and
jmouse
(J-mouse).
Joystick Devices
js
Joystick. Creates
js0
and
js1 .
Disk Devices
fd[0-7]
Floppy disk devices. The device
fd x
is the device which autodetects the format, and the additional devices are
fixed format (whose size is indicated in the name).
The other devices are named as
fd xLn .
The single letter
L
identifies the type of floppy disk (d = 5.25" DD, h = 5.25" HD, D = 3.5"
DD, H = 3.5" HD, E = 3.5" ED). The number
n
represents the capacity of that format in K. Thus the standard formats
are
fd x d360 ,
fd x h1200 ,
fd x D720 ,
fd x H1440 ,
and
fd x E2880 .
For more information see Alain Knaff's fdutils package.
Devices
fd0 *
through
fd3 *
are floppy disks on the first controller, and devices
fd4 *
through
fd7 *
are floppy disks on the second controller.
hd[a-d]
AT hard disks. The device
hd x
provides access to the whole disk, with the partitions being
hd x [0-20].
The four primary partitions are
hd x 1
through
hd x 4,
with the logical partitions being numbered from
hd x 5
though
hd x 20.
(A primary partition can be made into an extended partition, which can hold
4 logical partitions).
By default, only the devices for 4 logical partitions are made. The
others can be made by uncommenting them.
Drives hda and hdb are the two on the first controller. If using the new
IDE driver (rather than the old HD driver), then hdc and hdd are the two
drives on the secondary controller. These devices can also be used to
acess IDE CDROMs if using the new IDE driver.
xd[a-d]
XT hard disks. Partitions are the same as IDE disks.
sd[a-z], sd[a-c][a-z], sdd[a-x]
SCSI hard disks. The partitions are similar to the IDE disks, but there
is a limit of 11 logical partitions
(sd x 5
through
sd x 15).
This is to allow there to be 128 SCSI disks.
loop
Loopback disk devices. These allow you to use a regular file as a
block device. This means that images of filesystems can be mounted,
and used as normal. This creates 8 devices loop0 through loop7.
Tape Devices
st[0-7]
SCSI tapes. This creates the rewinding tape device
st x
and the non-rewinding tape device
nst x .
qic
QIC-80 tapes. The devices created are
rmt8 ,
rmt16 ,
tape-d ,
and
tape-reset .
ftape
Floppy driver tapes (QIC-117). There are 4 methods of access depending on
the floppy tape drive. For each of access methods 0, 1, 2 and 3, the
devices
rft x
(rewinding) and
nrft x
(non-rewinding) are created. For compatability, devices
ftape
and
nftape
are symlinks to
rft0
and
nrft0
respectively.
CDROM Devices
scd[0-7]
sonycd
mcd
cdu535
lmscd
sbpcd{,1,2,3}
Sound Blaster CD player. The kernel is capable of supporting 16 CDROMs,
each of which is accessed as
sbpcd[0-9a-f] .
These are assigned in groups of 4 to each controller.
sbpcd
is a symlink to
sbpcd0 .
|
|